Salient Features Of Algae (Simplified)

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  1. Habitat: Algae are predominantly found in aquatic or moist environments
  2. Thallus Structure: Algae can exist as either unicellular or multicellular organisms, with their plant body termed thallus. However, this thallus lacks differentiation into roots, stems, and leaves.
  3. Chlorophyll and Photosynthetic Pigments: Chromatophores within the thallus harbor chlorophyll and other photosynthetic pigments.
  4. Autotrophic Nutrition: Algae are primarily autotrophic, synthesizing their food through photosynthesis.
  5. Cell Type: Algal cells can be prokaryotic or eukaryotic.
  6. Nuclei: Algal cells may contain either a single nucleus (uninucleate) or multiple nuclei (multinucleate).
  7. Cell Wall Composition: The algal cell wall is rich in cellulose, providing structural support.
  8. Motility: Certain algal cells possess mobility due to the presence of cilia or flagella.
  9. Reserve Food: Starch serves as the common reserve food in algae.
  10. Reproduction: Primitive algae undergo vegetative reproduction, while higher forms exhibit both asexual and sexual reproduction.
  11. Asexual Reproduction: Asexual reproduction occurs through the production of motile zoospores.
  12. Sexual Reproduction: Unicellular algae act as a gamete themselves, whereas multicellular forms produce gametes in unicellular or multicellular gametangia, which lack a sterile protective covering.
  13. Sexual Reproduction Types: Sexual reproduction in algae can be isogamous, anisogamous, or oogamous.
  14. Zygote Formation: The zygote develops a robust wall, forming an oospore.
  15. Life Cycle Variation: Algal life cycles can be isomorphic or heteromorphic.
  16. Life Cycle Types: Algae may display haplontic, diplontic, diplohaplontic, haplobiontic, or diplobiontic life cycle patterns.
  17. Alternation of Generations: Many algae exhibit alternation of generations as a common phenomenon.

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